"Title": "Focus on Geography (Prehistory-Present)",
"ParentID": 1,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 3,
"Title": "Five Themes of Geography",
"ParentID": 2,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Identify the five themes of geography.\r\n2. Describe how people and their natural environment interact.\r\n3. List some causes and effects of the movement of people.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 4,
"Title": "Maps and Mapmaking",
"ParentID": 2,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Identify the different types of maps people use.\r\n2. Describe how latitude and longitude help us to locate places.\r\n3. Explain why today's maps are more accurate than maps of the past.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 5,
"Title": "American Lands and Climates",
"ParentID": 2,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the eight physical regions of the United States.\r\n2. Explain the importance of lakes and rivers to the United States.\r\n3. Identify the major climates of North America.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 6,
"Title": "The First Americans (Prehistory-1600)",
"ParentID": 1,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 7,
"Title": "Early People and Cultures",
"ParentID": 6,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Explain where the first people to reach America came from.\r\n2. Explain how archaeologists learn about the past.\r\n3. Describe how early peoples adapted to the desert Southwest.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 8,
"Title": "People of North America",
"ParentID": 6,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why many different cultures developed in North America.\r\n2. Describe the different ways of life Native Americans developed.\r\n3. Explain the role religion played in the lives of Native Americans.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 9,
"Title": "Great Civilizations in the Americas",
"ParentID": 6,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Identify where the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan civilizations flourished.\r\n2. Describe the main achievements of these civilizations.\r\n3. Explain how religion and learning were linked in Aztec society.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 10,
"Title": "After 1492",
"ParentID": 6,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how the 1492 encounter with Europeans affected Native Americans.\r\n2. Describe the Columbian Exchange.\r\n3. Identify elements of Native American culture that Europeans adopted.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 11,
"Title": "A Meeting of Different Worlds (1100-1700)",
"ParentID": 1,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 12,
"Title": "Europeans Reach the Americas",
"ParentID": 11,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how the Crusades and the Renaissance changed Europe.\r\n2. Explain why Europeans looked for new sea routes to Asia.\r\n3. Describe the effects of Columbus's voyages.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 13,
"Title": "Spain Builds an Empire",
"ParentID": 11,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how Spain interacted with Native American empires.\r\n2. Explain how Spain governed its lands in the Americas.\r\n3. Explain why life was difficult for the Native Americans who lived under Spanish rule.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 14,
"Title": "Africans Come to the Americas",
"ParentID": 11,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why African states were prosperous.\r\n2. Describe how the African slave trade changed in the 1500s.\r\n3. Identify the Middle Passage.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 15,
"Title": "Colonizing North America",
"ParentID": 11,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how competition grew among European nations.\r\n2. Describe how trappers and missionaries helped New France to grow.\r\n3. Explain how the arrival of Europeans affected Native Americans in North America.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 16,
"Title": "The First English Colonies",
"ParentID": 11,
"ItemNumber": "5",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how representative government took root in Virginia.\r\n2. Explain why the Pilgrims started a colony in North America.\r\n3. Describe how Native Americans helped the Plymouth Colony to survive.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 17,
"Title": "The 13 English Colonies (1630-1750)",
"ParentID": 1,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 18,
"Title": "The New England Colonies",
"ParentID": 17,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why the Puritans set up the Massachusetts Bay Colony.\r\n2. Identify the founders of Connecticut and Rhode Island.\r\n3. Describe what life was like in the New England colonies.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 19,
"Title": "The Middle Colonies",
"ParentID": 17,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why William Penn started a colony in North America.\r\n2. Explain why the Middle Colonies were known as the Breadbasket Colonies.\r\n3. Describe backcountry life.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 20,
"Title": "The Southern Colonies",
"ParentID": 17,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why the Southern Colonies were founded.\r\n2. Describe the two ways of life that developed in the Southern Colonies.\r\n3. Explain why slavery became important in the South.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 21,
"Title": "Governing the Colonies",
"ParentID": 17,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why England passed the Navigation Acts.\r\n2. Describe what colonial governments were like.\r\n3. Summarize the rights English colonists enjoyed.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 22,
"Title": "A Changing Colonial Culture",
"ParentID": 17,
"ItemNumber": "5",
"Objective1": "1. Describe features of the Great Awakening.\r\n2. Explain how colonists educated their children.\r\n3. Describe how new ideas spread through the colonies.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 23,
"Title": "A Nation Is Born",
"ParentID": 0,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 24,
"Title": "The Road to Revolution (1745-1775)",
"ParentID": 23,
"ItemNumber": "5",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 25,
"Title": "Rivalry in North America",
"ParentID": 24,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Name the European nations that competed for land in North America.\r\n2. Explain why the French built a system of forts.\r\n3. Explain why Indian nations became involved in the struggle between France and England.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 26,
"Title": "The French and Indian War",
"ParentID": 24,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why the British and French went to war in North America.\r\n2. Describe the advantages each side had in the war.\r\n3. Describe how the Treaty of Paris affected North America.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 27,
"Title": "A Crisis Over Taxes",
"ParentID": 24,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain the goal of the Proclamation of 1763.\r\n2. Describe how colonists protested British taxes.\r\n3. Explain what the Boston Massacre was.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 28,
"Title": "The Fighting Begins",
"ParentID": 24,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why Americans protested the Tea Act.\r\n2. Describe how Britain responded to the Boston Tea Party.\r\n3. Explain why fighting broke out at Lexington and Concord.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 29,
"Title": "The American Revolution (1775-1783)",
"ParentID": 23,
"ItemNumber": "6",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 30,
"Title": "Early Battles",
"ParentID": 29,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how Americans pursued both war and peace in 1775.\r\n2. Describe the advantages of each side as they entered the war.\r\n3. Explain how the Continental Army gained control of Boston.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 31,
"Title": "Declaring Independence",
"ParentID": 29,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how Common Sense influenced the colonists.\r\n2. Describe how American Patriots responded to the Declaration of Independence.\r\n3. Summarize the main ideas of the Declaration of Independence.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 32,
"Title": "Fighting in the Middle States",
"ParentID": 29,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Describe defeats and hardships the Americans suffered in the Middle States.\r\n2. Explain why the Battle of Saratoga was a turning point in the war.\r\n3. Describe the help the United States received from other nations.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 33,
"Title": "Other Battlefronts",
"ParentID": 29,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the major action in the West.\r\n2. Explain how the South became the major battlefield of the war.\r\n3. Explain how women and African Americans took part in the war.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 34,
"Title": "Winning the War",
"ParentID": 29,
"ItemNumber": "5",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how the Americans began to win battles in the South.\r\n2. Explain how the Americans and French defeated the British at Yorktown.\r\n3. Describe the terms of the Treaty of Paris.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 35,
"Title": "Creating a Republic (1776-1791)",
"ParentID": 23,
"ItemNumber": "7",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 36,
"Title": "A Confederation of States",
"ParentID": 35,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Outline the ideas that guided the new state governments.\r\n2. Describe the problems the nation faced under the Articles of Confederation.\r\n3. Explain how the Northwest Ordinance benefited the nation.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 37,
"Title": "The Constitutional Convention",
"ParentID": 35,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan differed.\r\n2. Explain how the Great Compromise satisfied both large and small states.\r\n3. Summarize the compromises made on the issue of slavery.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 38,
"Title": "A More Perfect Union",
"ParentID": 35,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the ideas that helped shape the Constitution.\r\n2. Explain how the framers of the Constitution divided power between the national government and the states.\r\n3. Describe how the framers limited the power of government.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 39,
"Title": "Ratifying the Constitution",
"ParentID": 35,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the arguments Americans raised for and against the Constitution.\r\n2. Explain how the Constitution can be amended.\r\n3. List the rights protected by the Bill of Rights.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 40,
"Title": "Civics Overview: The Constitution at Work (1789-Present)",
"ParentID": 23,
"ItemNumber": "8",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 41,
"Title": "Goals of the Constitution",
"ParentID": 40,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how the national government helps to unify the nation.\r\n2. Describe the benefits of a national system of courts.\r\n3. Explain how the Constitution protects the basic rights of the people.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 42,
"Title": "Five Principles of the Constitution",
"ParentID": 40,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Name the five basic principles of the Constitution.\r\n2. Explain why people adopt a system of representative government.\r\n3. Describe how the framers tried to strike a balance between too much and too little government.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 43,
"Title": "A Living Document",
"ParentID": 40,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the formal process for changing the Constitution.\r\n2. Explain the purpose of the Bill of Rights.\r\n3. Identify informal changes that have been made to the Constitution.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 44,
"Title": "The National Government at Work",
"ParentID": 40,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Define the roles of Congress.\r\n2. Describe the jobs the President does.\r\n3. Explain how the federal court system is organized.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 45,
"Title": "Good Citizenship",
"ParentID": 40,
"ItemNumber": "5",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how the Bill of Rights was limited.\r\n2. Explain how the Supreme Court has used the Fourteenth Amendment to expand citizens' rights.\r\n3. List citizens' rights and responsibilities.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 46,
"Title": "The Nation Takes Shape",
"ParentID": 0,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 47,
"Title": "The New Republic Begins (1789-1800)",
"ParentID": 46,
"ItemNumber": "9",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 48,
"Title": "Launching the New Government",
"ParentID": 47,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how Washington's actions set an example for future Presidents.\r\n2. Describe how Hamilton planned to strengthen the nation's economy.\r\n3. Explain why some people opposed Hamilton's economic plan.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 49,
"Title": "A Policy of Neutrality",
"ParentID": 47,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how Americans reacted to the French Revolution.\r\n2. Identify the policy the United States adopted when war broke out in Europe.\r\n3. Describe how Washington's Farewell Address influenced American foreign policy.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 50,
"Title": "The Rise of Political Parties",
"ParentID": 47,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how political differences led to the rise of two political parties.\r\n2. Describe the role newspapers played in politics in the late 1700s.\r\n3. Explain how the election of 1796 increased political tensions.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 51,
"Title": "The Second President",
"ParentID": 47,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why many Americans favored war with France.\r\n2. Explain why the Federalist Party split in two.\r\n3. Explain why the Alien and Sedition acts outraged many Americans.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 52,
"Title": "The Age of Jefferson (1801-1816)",
"ParentID": 46,
"ItemNumber": "10",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 53,
"Title": "Republicans in Power",
"ParentID": 52,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Describe Jefferson's ideas about government.\r\n2. List the ways Jefferson reduced the power of government.\r\n3. Explain the importance of Marbury v. Madison.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 54,
"Title": "The Louisiana Purchase",
"ParentID": 52,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why control of the Mississippi River was important to western farmers.\r\n2. Describe how the United States gained Louisiana.\r\n3. Identify achievements of the Lewis and Clark expedition.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 55,
"Title": "New Threats From Overseas",
"ParentID": 52,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how overseas trade grew in the late 1700s.\r\n2. Explain how war in Europe hurt American trade.\r\n3. Explain why the Embargo Act failed.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 56,
"Title": "The Road to War",
"ParentID": 52,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why the Prophet and Tecumseh united Native Americans.\r\n2. Describe how fighting on the frontier led to war with Britain.\r\n3. Explain why the War Hawks wanted war with Britain.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 57,
"Title": "The War of 1812",
"ParentID": 52,
"ItemNumber": "5",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why the United States was not ready for war with Britain.\r\n2. List the major turning points of the war in the West.\r\n3. Describe the results of the war.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 58,
"Title": "Industry and Growth (1790-1825)",
"ParentID": 46,
"ItemNumber": "11",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 59,
"Title": "The Industrial Revolution",
"ParentID": 58,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. List the major effects of the Industrial Revolution.\r\n2. Explain how the Industrial Revolution began in the United States.\r\n3. Describe life in the early factories of the United States.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 60,
"Title": "Moving Westward",
"ParentID": 58,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how settlers traveled westward in the early 1800s.\r\n2. List the steps taken by Americans to improve roads.\r\n3. Explain how steamboats and canals affected transportation.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 61,
"Title": "Building National Unity",
"ParentID": 58,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how Congress tried to strengthen the national economy.\r\n2. Describe the goals of Henry Clay's American System. \r\n3. Explain how the Supreme Court strengthened national unity.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 62,
"Title": "Latin America and the United States",
"ParentID": 58,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how Latin American nations won independence.\r\n2. Explain how the United States gained Florida.\r\n3. State the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 63,
"Title": "The Nation Expands",
"ParentID": 0,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 64,
"Title": "Democracy in the Age of Jackson (1824-1840)",
"ParentID": 63,
"ItemNumber": "12",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 65,
"Title": "A New Era in Politics",
"ParentID": 64,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why John Quincy Adams was an unpopular President.\r\n2. Describe how voting rights changed in the 1820s and 1830s.\r\n3. Describe how political parties became more democratic.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 66,
"Title": "Jackson in the White House",
"ParentID": 64,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Identify the qualities that helped Andrew Jackson succeed.\r\n2. Explain why President Jackson replaced many officeholders.\r\n3. Explain why Jackson fought against the Bank of the United States.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 67,
"Title": "Struggles Over States' Rights",
"ParentID": 64,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how John C. Calhoun and Daniel Webster disagreed on states' rights.\r\n2. Describe how Jackson dealt with the Nullification Crisis.\r\n3. Explain why Native Americans of the Southeast had to leave their lands.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 68,
"Title": "The Presidency After Jackson",
"ParentID": 64,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the nation's economic problems during Van Buren's presidency.\r\n2. Describe the Whig and Democratic presidential campaigns of 1840.\r\n3. Explain why John Tyler had little success as President.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 69,
"Title": "Westward Expansion (1820-1860)",
"ParentID": 63,
"ItemNumber": "13",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 70,
"Title": "Oregon Country",
"ParentID": 69,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how rival claims to Oregon Country developed.\r\n2. Explain how fur trappers and missionaries helped open up the Far West.\r\n3. Identify the hardships that settlers faced.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 71,
"Title": "Texas Wins Independence",
"ParentID": 69,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why many Americans settled in Texas.\r\n2. Describe how Texas became an independent nation.\r\n3. Identify the challenges faced by the new Republic of Texas.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 72,
"Title": "California and the Southwest",
"ParentID": 69,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. List the reasons the first white settlers came to New Mexico.\r\n2. Describe what California life was like for Native Americans.\r\n3. Explain why Americans wanted their nation to expand to the Pacific Ocean.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 73,
"Title": "War With Mexico",
"ParentID": 69,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how the United States gained Oregon.\r\n2. Identify the causes and results of the Mexican War.\r\n3. Describe how cultures blended in the new United States territories.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 74,
"Title": "A Rush to the West",
"ParentID": 69,
"ItemNumber": "5",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how the Mormons settled Utah.\r\n2. Describe how the discovery of gold affected life in California.\r\n3. Explain why California had a diverse population.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 75,
"Title": "The Worlds of North and South (1820-1860)",
"ParentID": 63,
"ItemNumber": "14",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 76,
"Title": "Industry in the North",
"ParentID": 75,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how new inventions changed manufacturing and farming in the North.\r\n2. Explain how new means of communication and transportation benefited business.\r\n3. Explain how steam power helped industry grow.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 77,
"Title": "Life in the North",
"ParentID": 75,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Identify the conditions that caused northern workers to organize.\r\n2. Give reasons for European emigration to the United States in the mid-1800s.\r\n3. Describe what life was like for African Americans in the North.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 78,
"Title": "Cotton Kingdom in the South",
"ParentID": 75,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why cotton planters moved westward.\r\n2. Describe how the cotton gin affected slavery in the South.\r\n3. Give reasons why the South was less industrialized than the North.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 79,
"Title": "Life in the South",
"ParentID": 75,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Identify the five groups that made up southern society.\r\n2. Describe the sufferings of African Americans under slavery.\r\n3. Describe how African Americans struggled against slavery.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 80,
"Title": "An Era of Reform (1820-1860)",
"ParentID": 63,
"ItemNumber": "15",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 81,
"Title": "The Spirit of Reform",
"ParentID": 80,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Identify the political and religious roots of reform. \r\n2. Describe the goals social reformers pursued.\r\n3. Explain how Americans improved public education in the mid-1800s.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 82,
"Title": "The Fight Against Slavery",
"ParentID": 80,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Identify the actions taken by reformers to end slavery.\r\n2. Describe how the underground railroad operated. \r\n3. Explain how Americans reacted to the antislavery movement.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 83,
"Title": "Struggle for Women's Rights",
"ParentID": 80,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the rights that women lacked in the early 1800s.\r\n2. Identify the goals of the Seneca Falls Convention. \r\n3. Explain how opportunities for women improved in the mid-1800s.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 84,
"Title": "American Literature and Art",
"ParentID": 80,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Identify themes explored by American novelists and poets.\r\n2. Describe the ideas expressed by Emerson and Thoreau.\r\n3. Explain how American painters created their own styles.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 85,
"Title": "Division and Reunion",
"ParentID": 0,
"ItemNumber": "5",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 86,
"Title": "A Dividing Nation (1820-1861)",
"ParentID": 85,
"ItemNumber": "16",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 87,
"Title": "The Slavery Issue in the West",
"ParentID": 86,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the various views on slavery in the West.\r\n2. Identify the goal of the Free Soil party.\r\n3. Describe the results of the Compromise of 1850.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 88,
"Title": "The Crisis Turns Violent",
"ParentID": 86,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how Uncle Tom's Cabin affected attitudes toward slavery.\r\n2. Explain why a civil war broke out in Kansas.\r\n3. Describe how the Dred Scott decision divided the nation.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 89,
"Title": "A New Party Challenges Slavery",
"ParentID": 86,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why the Republican party came into being in the mid-1850s.\r\n2. Outline Abraham Lincoln's views on slavery.\r\n3. Describe the different reactions of northerners and southerners to the raid on Harpers Ferry.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 90,
"Title": "The Nation Splits in Two",
"ParentID": 86,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why Abraham Lincoln was able to win the election of 1860.\r\n2. Describe how the South reacted to Lincoln's election victory.\r\n3. Identify the events that led to the outbreak of the Civil War.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 91,
"Title": "The Civil War (1861-1865)",
"ParentID": 85,
"ItemNumber": "17",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 92,
"Title": "The Conflict Takes Shape",
"ParentID": 91,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the Confederacy.\r\n2. Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the Union.\r\n3. Describe the special qualities of Presidents Lincoln and Davis.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 93,
"Title": "A Long, Difficult Struggle",
"ParentID": 91,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the military plans of each side.\r\n2. Name the military goals that the Union achieved.\r\n3. Explain why the Union failed to win major battles in the East.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 94,
"Title": "A Promise of Freedom",
"ParentID": 91,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.\r\n2. Identify the effects of the Proclamation.\r\n3. Describe the contributions of African Americans to the Union war effort.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 95,
"Title": "Hardships of War",
"ParentID": 91,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Describe what life was like for soldiers in the Civil War.\r\n2. Explain how women contributed to the war effort.\r\n3. Identify the problems each side faced during the war.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 96,
"Title": "The War Ends",
"ParentID": 91,
"ItemNumber": "5",
"Objective1": "1. Explain the significance of the Union victories at Vicksburg and Gettysburg.\r\n2. Describe the ideals expressed by Lincoln in the Gettysburg Address.\r\n3. Explain how Union generals used a new type of war to defeat the Confederacy.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 97,
"Title": "The Reconstruction Era (1864-1877)",
"ParentID": 85,
"ItemNumber": "18",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 98,
"Title": "First Steps to Reunion",
"ParentID": 97,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the hardships the South faced after the Civil War.\r\n2. Outline President Lincoln's plan for reuniting the nation.\r\n3. Explain why Congress opposed President Johnson's Reconstruction plan.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 99,
"Title": "Radical Reconstruction",
"ParentID": 97,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the goals of the Radical Republicans.\r\n2. Explain why Congress tried to remove President Johnson from office.\r\n3. Outline the provisions of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 100,
"Title": "Changes in the South",
"ParentID": 97,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. List the groups that dominated southern politics during Reconstruction.\r\n2. Summarize the steps taken by Reconstruction governments to rebuild the South.\r\n3. Explain why many southerners sank into a cycle of poverty.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 101,
"Title": "Reconstruction Ends",
"ParentID": 97,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why Reconstruction ended.\r\n2. Describe how the southern economy expanded after Reconstruction.\r\n3. Discuss how African Americans in the South lost rights.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 102,
"Title": "Transforming the Nation",
"ParentID": 0,
"ItemNumber": "6",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 103,
"Title": "An Era of Change in the West (1865-1914)",
"ParentID": 102,
"ItemNumber": "19",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 104,
"Title": "The Plains Indians",
"ParentID": 103,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how the Plains Indians relied on the horse and buffalo.\r\n2. Describe the traditions that were important to the Plains Indians.\r\n3. Describe how the roles of women and men differed.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 105,
"Title": "Miners and Railroaders",
"ParentID": 103,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how mining changed the West.\r\n2. Describe what life was like for miners and railroad workers.\r\n3. Explain how railroads helped the West develop.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 106,
"Title": "Ranchers and Cowhands",
"ParentID": 103,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why there were cattle drives.\r\n2. Describe the life of a cowhand. \r\n3. Explain why the Cattle Kingdom ended.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 107,
"Title": "A Way of Life Ends",
"ParentID": 103,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why Native Americans and settlers came into conflict.\r\n2. Describe how Native Americans tried to preserve their way of life.\r\n3. Discuss how government policies affected Native American culture.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 108,
"Title": "The Farmers",
"ParentID": 103,
"ItemNumber": "5",
"Objective1": "1. Identify the different origins of western farmers.\r\n2. Explain why life was hard for Plains farmers.\r\n3. Discuss why farmers united in the late 1800s.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 109,
"Title": "The Rise of Industry and Unions (1865-1914)",
"ParentID": 102,
"ItemNumber": "20",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 110,
"Title": "Railroads and Industry",
"ParentID": 109,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how railroads expanded after the Civil War.\r\n2. Describe the effects of competition on the railroad industry.\r\n3. Explain how railroads contributed to the growth of industry.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 111,
"Title": "Big Business",
"ParentID": 109,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why the steel industry became important after the Civil War.\r\n2. Describe the new ways of doing business that Americans developed. \r\n3. List the arguments for and against the growth of giant corporations.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 112,
"Title": "A Flood of Inventions",
"ParentID": 109,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. List the inventions that improved communications in the 1800s.\r\n2. Explain why Menlo Park was called an \"invention factory.\" \r\n3. Explain how Henry Ford revolutionized the automobile industry.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 113,
"Title": "Labor in the Age of Industry",
"ParentID": 109,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how the role of the worker changed in the new industrial age.\r\n2. List the goals of early unions.\r\n3. Explain why progress was slow for labor.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 114,
"Title": "Immigration and the Growth of Cities (1865-1914)",
"ParentID": 102,
"ItemNumber": "21",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 115,
"Title": "The New Immigrants",
"ParentID": 114,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why immigration boomed in the late 1800s.\r\n2. Describe how immigrants adjusted to their new lives.\r\n3. List reasons for the growth of anti-immigrant feeling.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 116,
"Title": "Booming Cities",
"ParentID": 114,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why cities grew in the late 1800s.\r\n2. List hazards faced by city dwellers.\r\n3. Describe how reformers helped to improve city life.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 117,
"Title": "City Life Transformed",
"ParentID": 114,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how cities changed in the late 1800s.\r\n2. Explain why newspapers grew in number and importance.\r\n3. Describe how Americans spent their leisure time.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 118,
"Title": "Education and Culture",
"ParentID": 114,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Describe improvements in public education during the late 1800s.\r\n2. Explain how American reading habits changed.\r\n3. List themes explored by American writers and painters.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 119,
"Title": "A New Role for the Nation",
"ParentID": 0,
"ItemNumber": "7",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 120,
"Title": "Progressives and Reformers (1876-1914)",
"ParentID": 119,
"ItemNumber": "22",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 121,
"Title": "Early Reforms",
"ParentID": 120,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Describe American politics in the 1870s and 1880s.\r\n2. Explain why many Americans opposed the spoils system.\r\n3. Tell how government tried to regulate business.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 122,
"Title": "The Progressives and Their Goals",
"ParentID": 120,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why reformers attacked city governments.\r\n2. Describe how the press contributed to reform efforts.\r\n3. Identify new practices that gave more power to voters.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 123,
"Title": "Presidents Support Reforms",
"ParentID": 120,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how Theodore Roosevelt tried to control trusts.\r\n2. List the other reforms that Roosevelt supported. \r\n3. Summarize Woodrow Wilson's goals as President.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 124,
"Title": "Progress for Women",
"ParentID": 120,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how women worked for suffrage in the Progressive Era.\r\n2. List new opportunities women earned.\r\n3. Explain how the temperance movement gained strength.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 125,
"Title": "Fighting for Equality",
"ParentID": 120,
"ItemNumber": "5",
"Objective1": "1. Describe problems African Americans faced during the Progressive Era.\r\n2. Explain how African American leaders tried to fight discrimination.\r\n3. List the challenges faced by other minorities.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 126,
"Title": "Becoming a World Power (1865-1916)",
"ParentID": 119,
"ItemNumber": "23",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 127,
"Title": "Across the Pacific",
"ParentID": 126,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Describe how treaties with Japan and Russia benefited the United States.\r\n2. Explain why some Americans favored imperialism in the late 1800s.\r\n3. Explain how United States policy concerning Hawaii differed from American policy in China.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 128,
"Title": "The Spanish-American War",
"ParentID": 126,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. List the causes of the Spanish-American War.\r\n2. Identify the major events of the war.\r\n3. Describe the results of the war.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 129,
"Title": "Relations With Latin America",
"ParentID": 126,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why the United States built the Panama Canal.\r\n2. Describe the policies that the United States adopted toward Latin America.\r\n3. Explain why the United States invaded Mexico in 1916.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 130,
"Title": "World War I (1914-1919)",
"ParentID": 119,
"ItemNumber": "24",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 131,
"Title": "War Erupts in Europe",
"ParentID": 130,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why tensions were high in Europe in 1914.\r\n2. Describe the event that triggered World War I.\r\n3. Describe how Americans reacted to the outbreak of war in Europe.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 132,
"Title": "The United States Enters the War",
"ParentID": 130,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why the United States entered the war in 1917.\r\n2. Explain how the nation organized its war effort.\r\n3. Describe how the government responded to critics of the war.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 133,
"Title": "Winning the War",
"ParentID": 130,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why the Allies faced hard times in 1917.\r\n2. Describe how the Americans helped defeat Germany.\r\n3. Describe the human costs of the war.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 134,
"Title": "Wilson and the Peace",
"ParentID": 130,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Describe Wilson's plan for peace.\r\n2. Explain how Wilson's goals for peace differed from those of the other Allies.\r\n3. Explain why the Senate rejected the Versailles Treaty.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 135,
"Title": "Prosperity, Depression, and War",
"ParentID": 0,
"ItemNumber": "8",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 136,
"Title": "The Roaring Twenties (1919-1929)",
"ParentID": 135,
"ItemNumber": "25",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 137,
"Title": "Politics and Prosperity",
"ParentID": 136,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the problems that faced the Harding administration.\r\n2. Explain how the economy grew in the 1920s.\r\n3. Describe the role that the United States played in world affairs.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 138,
"Title": "New Ways of Life",
"ParentID": 136,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Explain what Prohibition was.\r\n2. Describe how life changed for women in the 1920s.\r\n3. Describe how a mass culture began to emerge in the 1920s.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 139,
"Title": "The Jazz Age",
"ParentID": 136,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why the 1920s were called the Roaring Twenties and the Jazz Age.\r\n2. Explain why some writers criticized American society.\r\n3. Identify the leading figures of the Harlem Renaissance.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 140,
"Title": "Trouble Below the Surface",
"ParentID": 136,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Identify which Americans did not share in the prosperity of the 1920s.\r\n2. Explain why many Americans wanted to limit immigration.\r\n3. Describe the obstacles faced by African Americans in northern cities.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 141,
"Title": "The Great Depression (1929-1941)",
"ParentID": 135,
"ItemNumber": "26",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 142,
"Title": "The Economy Crashes",
"ParentID": 141,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why the stock market crashed.\r\n2. Describe how the Great Depression affected the nation.\r\n3. Summarize the steps Hoover took to end the depression.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 143,
"Title": "The New Deal",
"ParentID": 141,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why Americans elected Roosevelt in 1932.\r\n2. Describe how Roosevelt restored faith in the banks.\r\n3. Identify the programs that made up the New Deal.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 144,
"Title": "Reaction to the New Deal",
"ParentID": 141,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why some Americans objected to the New Deal.\r\n2. Describe how New Deal programs helped workers and the elderly.\r\n3. Explain why the New Deal was a turning point in American history.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 145,
"Title": "Surviving Hard Times",
"ParentID": 141,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Explain what the Dust Bowl was.\r\n2. Describe how the Great Depression affected women and minorities.\r\n3. Explain how Americans found escape from the hardships of the depression.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 146,
"Title": "World War II (1935-1945)",
"ParentID": 135,
"ItemNumber": "27",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 147,
"Title": "Dictatorship and Aggression",
"ParentID": 146,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how dictators took away people's freedoms.\r\n2. Explain how dictators threatened world peace in the 1930s.\r\n3. Describe how the United States responded to the rise of dictators.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 148,
"Title": "The War Begins",
"ParentID": 146,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how World War II began.\r\n2. Describe how the U. S. responded to the outbreak of World War II.\r\n3. Explain why the U. S. entered the war.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 149,
"Title": "The Home Front",
"ParentID": 146,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how Americans mobilized for war.\r\n2. Explain how American women and minorities contributed to the war effort.\r\n3. Describe how some Americans were treated unjustly during the war.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 150,
"Title": "The Allies Advance",
"ParentID": 146,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why 1942 was a difficult year for the Allies.\r\n2. Identify the victories that turned the war in favor of the Allies.\r\n3. Explain why Germany surrendered.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 151,
"Title": "Final Victory",
"ParentID": 146,
"ItemNumber": "5",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the strategy the United States followed in the Pacific war.\r\n2. Explain why the United States used the atomic bomb on Japan.\r\n3. Explain why World War II was the deadliest war in history.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 152,
"Title": "The Nation Today and Tomorrow",
"ParentID": 0,
"ItemNumber": "9",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 153,
"Title": "The Cold War Era (1945-1991)",
"ParentID": 152,
"ItemNumber": "28",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 154,
"Title": "The Nation Faces a Cold War",
"ParentID": 153,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how the United States and the Soviet Union became rivals.\r\n2. Describe the steps that the United States took to prevent the spread of communism in Europe.\r\n3. Explain why Berlin became a focus of Cold War tension.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 155,
"Title": "The Cold War Heats Up",
"ParentID": 153,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why the United States became involved in the Korean War.\r\n2. Explain how Cold War tensions fed fears of communism at home.\r\n3. Describe how the United States reacted to the rise of communism in Cuba.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 156,
"Title": "Cold War Battlegrounds",
"ParentID": 153,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why many new nations emerged after World War II.\r\n2. Discuss why the Cold War spread to Asia and Africa.\r\n3. Describe the policies that the United States followed in Latin America.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 157,
"Title": "The Vietnam War",
"ParentID": 153,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why the United States sent troops to Vietnam.\r\n2. Explain why many Americans opposed U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.\r\n3. Describe the results of the war.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 158,
"Title": "The End of the Cold War",
"ParentID": 153,
"ItemNumber": "5",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how President Nixon eased tensions with the communist world.\r\n2. Describe the events that led to the breakup of the Soviet Union.\r\n3. Describe how Americans helped the people of the former Soviet Union.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 159,
"Title": "Prosperity and Reform (1945-1980)",
"ParentID": 152,
"ItemNumber": "29",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 160,
"Title": "The Booming Postwar World",
"ParentID": 159,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the domestic policies that Presidents Truman and Eisenhower\r\nfollowed.\r\n2. Identify the factors that contributed to the economic prosperity of the 1950s.\r\n3. Explain how American lifestyles changed in the 1950s.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 161,
"Title": "The Civil Rights Movement Begins",
"ParentID": 159,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the kinds of discrimination minorities faced.\r\n2. Identify advances made in the fight for equality.\r\n3. Describe the methods Martin Luther King, Jr., used to fight for equal rights.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 162,
"Title": "Years of Crisis and Change",
"ParentID": 159,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Identify the goals Presidents Kennedy and Johnson set for the nation.\r\n2. Describe the problems President Nixon faced.\r\n3. Describe the principles that guided President Carter.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 163,
"Title": "The Civil Rights Movement Expands",
"ParentID": 159,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Identify the major goals of the civil rights movement.\r\n2. Explain how civil rights groups brought about change.\r\n3. Describe the civil rights laws that were passed in the 1960s and 1970s.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 164,
"Title": "New Directions (1980-Present)",
"ParentID": 152,
"ItemNumber": "30",
"HasChildren": 1
},
{
"TreeID": 165,
"Title": "A Conservative Tide",
"ParentID": 164,
"ItemNumber": "1",
"Objective1": "1. Identify the goals of conservatives in the 1980s and 1990s.\r\n2. Describe the domestic policies Presidents Reagan and Bush pursued.\r\n3. Describe the successes and failures of President Clinton.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 166,
"Title": "The Post-Cold War World",
"ParentID": 164,
"ItemNumber": "2",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how the United States became involved in Bosnia.\r\n2. Describe the attempts that were made to limit nuclear arms.\r\n3. Explain how the end of the Cold War affected the U.S. role in the world.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 167,
"Title": "War and Peace in the Middle East",
"ParentID": 164,
"ItemNumber": "3",
"Objective1": "1. Explain why an oil shortage occurred in the United States in 1973.\r\n2. Describe how the U.S. promoted peace between Israel and Palestinian Arabs.\r\n3. Explain why the United States went to war against Iraq.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 168,
"Title": "The Environment and the World Economy",
"ParentID": 164,
"ItemNumber": "4",
"Objective1": "1. Describe the goals of the environmental movement.\r\n2. Explain how Americans have tried to save energy.\r\n3. Explain why the United States has had to compete in a world economy.",
"HasChildren": 0
},
{
"TreeID": 169,
"Title": "A Diverse Nation",
"ParentID": 164,
"ItemNumber": "5",
"Objective1": "1. Explain how Americans have worked to win greater opportunities for all.\r\n2. Describe how immigration patterns have changed in recent years.\r\n3. Describe the challenges Americans face as they move toward a new century.",
